に反して

に反して (に はんして) is a Japanese grammatical expression that translates to "against" or "contrary to" in English. It is employed to convey a situation where an action or fact contradicts another statement, expectation, or event.

This expression is generally used to emphasize the contrast between the anticipated outcome and the actual outcome. It can also imply a sense of surprise or disappointment regarding the contradiction.

For example, if someone studies hard but still fails an exam, you could use this grammar point to express that their failure was contrary to their efforts.

• The subject that follows 'に反して' usually indicates the opposing idea.
• It is often used in formal writing, such as reports or essays.