ます

The suffix ます is used to create a polite form of verbs in Japanese. It is essential in formal conversations and writing. By adding ます to the stem of a verb, the speaker conveys respect and politeness towards the listener.

For example, the verb '食べる' (to eat) becomes '食べます' (eat), which is appropriate when speaking to someone in a formal or respectful context.

In addition to conveying politeness, using the ます form also indicates that the action is occurring or will happen, as opposed to being a command (those would use て form plus ください). While the ます form is primarily used in spoken and written Japanese, students should be aware that there are informal versions (without ます) which are also common among friends and family.