かいもなく
In vain / with no result / despite all the effort → used when effort, action, or expectation produces no outcome
N1
Meaning
In vain / with no result / despite all the effort → used when effort, action, or expectation produces no outcome
Formation
Verb (た-form) + かいもなく
Noun + の + かいもなく
Explanation
かいもなく is used to express that someone made an effort, took action, or had expectations, but the result was completely unsuccessful.
🔸 かいもなく requires “effort + failure”
Key nuance:
There was clear effort or attempt
The expected outcome did not happen at all
The result often carries disappointment or regret
The tone is objective and written, not emotional complaint
It often implies:
“All that effort was for nothing.”
This grammar frequently appears in:
news reports
written narratives
explanations of failure
JLPT N1 reading passages